$re = '/<tag>(?=(?:(?!<\/?tag>).)*?<b>)(?=(?:(?!<\/?tag>).)*?\{1})(?:(?!<\/?tag>).)*<\/tag>/m';
$str = '<tag><b>{1}test</tag>
<tag><b>test</tag>
<tag><b>{1}test</tag><tag><b>test</tag>
<tag>{1}test</tag><tag><b>test</tag>';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php