Regular Expressions 101

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An explanation of your regex will be automatically generated as you type.
Detailed match information will be displayed here automatically.
  • All Tokens
  • Common Tokens
  • General Tokens
  • Anchors
  • Meta Sequences
  • Quantifiers
  • Group Constructs
  • Character Classes
  • Flags/Modifiers
  • Substitution
  • A single character of: a, b or c
    [abc]
  • A character except: a, b or c
    [^abc]
  • A character in the range: a-z
    [a-z]
  • A character not in the range: a-z
    [^a-z]
  • A character in the range: a-z or A-Z
    [a-zA-Z]
  • Any single character
    .
  • Alternate - match either a or b
    a|b
  • Any whitespace character
    \s
  • Any non-whitespace character
    \S
  • Any digit
    \d
  • Any non-digit
    \D
  • Any word character
    \w
  • Any non-word character
    \W
  • Non-capturing group
    (?:...)
  • Capturing group
    (...)
  • Zero or one of a
    a?
  • Zero or more of a
    a*
  • One or more of a
    a+
  • Exactly 3 of a
    a{3}
  • 3 or more of a
    a{3,}
  • Between 3 and 6 of a
    a{3,6}
  • Start of string
    ^
  • End of string
    $
  • A word boundary
    \b
  • Non-word boundary
    \B

Regular Expression
No Match

/
/
gm

Test String

Code Generator

Language

Generated Code

$re = '/^(?:[\t ]*(?:\r?\n|\r))+/m'; $str = '<div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="35700362"> <!-- "Filters applied" shows only when page is redirected from search --> <!-- because search found one result --> <aside class="page-sidebar sticky" style=""> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2122477119?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&amp;rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&amp;rfr_dat=cr_pub 0pubmed" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=4487&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=35700362&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=7505876" title="See full text options at Atypon" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="Atypon" data-ga-label="35700362"><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--pnas.org-pb-assets-images-pubmed-pnas-pubmed-fulltext.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> Atypon </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/35700362/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/35700362/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><div class="favorites-button-container" id="sidebar-favorites-button" data-toggle-favorites-enabled="false" data-add-to-favorites-url-hash="#add-to-favorites" data-in-favorites="false" data-toggle-url="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/toggle-favorites-collection/35700362/" data-collections-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/" data-remove-from-favorites-text="Remove from Favorites collection" data-add-to-favorites-text="Add to Favorites collection" data-display-title-attr="False"><a href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35700362/%23add-to-favorites" class="usa-button favorites-button favorites-button-empty favorites-button-link" id="sidebar-favorites-button-link" aria-label="Add to Favorites collection"> Favorites </a></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden=""><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Single-dose%20ethanol%20intoxication%20causes%20acute%20and%20lasting%20neuronal%20changes%20in%20the%20brain%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35700362/" class="share-link share-link-twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Twitter" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="twitter"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35700362/" class="share-link share-link-facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Facebook" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="fb"></a> </li> <li> <div class="share-permalink dropdown-block"> <button class="trigger" title="Show article permalink" ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn" aria-expanded="false"> </button> <div class="dropdown dropdown-container" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="title"> Permalink </div> <div class="content"> <input type="text" class="permalink-text" value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35700362/" aria-label="Article permalink"><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary" title="Copy article permalink" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="link" data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Page navigation </h3> <ul class="items-list"> <li class="heading current"> <a href="#heading" aria-label="navigate to Title &amp; authors section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="heading"> Title &amp; authors </a> </li> <li class="abstract"> <a href="#abstract" aria-label="navigate to Abstract section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="abstract"> Abstract </a> </li> <li class="mesh-terms"> <a href="#mesh-terms" aria-label="navigate to MeSH terms section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="mesh-terms"> MeSH terms </a> </li> <li class="substances"> <a href="#substances" aria-label="navigate to Substances section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="substances"> Substances </a> </li> <li class="grants"> <a href="#grants" aria-label="navigate to Grant support section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="grants"> Grant support </a> </li> <li class="linkout"> <a href="#linkout" aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - more resources section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="linkout"> LinkOut - more resources </a> </li> </ul> </div> <select class="short-view" autocomplete="off" title="navigate to selected section" aria-label="Navigate to page section"> <option value="heading">Title &amp; authors</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="mesh-terms">MeSH terms</option> <option value="substances">Substances</option> <option value="grants">Grant support</option> <option value="linkout">LinkOut - more resources</option> </select> </nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details" style="outline: none;"> <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view pp-webimport-pub-0" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" data-pinger-ignore=""> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5Bjour%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5Bjour%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?sort=date&amp;term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A&quot;[jour]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A&quot;[jour]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2022 Jun 21;119(25):e2122477119.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1073/pnas.2122477119. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2022 Jun 14. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Single-dose ethanol intoxication causes acute and lasting neuronal changes in the brain </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Knabbe+J&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes Knabbe">Johannes Knabbe</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Protzmann+J&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jil Protzmann">Jil Protzmann</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden." href="#affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Schneider+N&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Niklas Schneider">Niklas Schneider</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland." href="#affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Berger+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael Berger">Michael Berger</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Dannehl+D&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dominik Dannehl">Dominik Dannehl</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Wei+S&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shoupeng Wei">Shoupeng Wei</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Strahle+C&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christopher Strahle">Christopher Strahle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Tegtmeier+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michèle Tegtmeier">Michèle Tegtmeier</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Jaiswal+A&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Astha Jaiswal">Astha Jaiswal</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany." href="#affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Zheng+H&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hongwei Zheng">Hongwei Zheng</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Kr%C3%BCger+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marcus Krüger">Marcus Krüger</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Rohr+K&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Karl Rohr">Karl Rohr</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany." href="#affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Spanagel+R&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rainer Spanagel">Rainer Spanagel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Bilbao+A&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ainhoa Bilbao">Ainhoa Bilbao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Engelhardt+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maren Engelhardt">Maren Engelhardt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria." href="#affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Scholz+H&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Henrike Scholz">Henrike Scholz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Cambridge+SB&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sidney B Cambridge">Sidney B Cambridge</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Anatomy II, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany." href="#affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Current address: Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany." href="#affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore="" data-fetch-url="/35700362/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> <div class="dots-loading-indicator loading-indicator"> <div class="dot dot-1"></div> <div class="dot dot-2"></div> <div class="dot dot-3"></div> </div></button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-1"><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-2"><sup class="key">2</sup> Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-3"><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-4"><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-5"><sup class="key">5</sup> Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-6"><sup class="key">6</sup> Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-7"><sup class="key">7</sup> Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-8"><sup class="key">8</sup> Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-9"><sup class="key">9</sup> CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-10"><sup class="key">10</sup> Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-11"><sup class="key">11</sup> Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-12"><sup class="key">12</sup> Anatomy II, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-13"><sup class="key">13</sup> Current address: Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">35700362</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1073/pnas.2122477119&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2122477119" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI"> 10.1073/pnas.2122477119 </a> </span> </li> <div class="pp-webimport-container pp-ready" original-title="" style="position: relative; display: inline-block; margin-left: 5px; margin-top: 6px;"><div id="webimport-7e153e88-0002-0fce-b6ff-94cfaea9ed1e" class="pp-webimport-button pp-webimport-buttonpiece pp-ready" style="display: inline-block; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 99;" importwidgettip="Add to Paperpile" ppover="false" original-title=""><span>Paperpile</span></div><div id="webimport-pdf-7e153e88-0002-0fce-b6ff-94cfaea9ed1e" class="pp-webimport-pdf pp-webimport-buttonpiece pp-ready" style="display: none; position: absolute; top: 1px; left: 0px;"></div></div></ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden=""> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <h1 class="heading-title"> Single-dose ethanol intoxication causes acute and lasting neuronal changes in the brain </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Johannes Knabbe</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2022">2022</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/35700362/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> <div class="dots-loading-indicator loading-indicator"> <div class="dot dot-1"></div> <div class="dot dot-2"></div> <div class="dot dot-3"></div> </div></button> <div class="display-options dropdown-block" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div 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Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" data-pinger-ignore=""> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5Bjour%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5Bjour%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?sort=date&amp;term=%22Proc+Natl+Acad+Sci+U+S+A%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A&quot;[jour]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A&quot;[jour]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2022 Jun 21;119(25):e2122477119.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.1073/pnas.2122477119. </span> <span class="secondary-date"> Epub 2022 Jun 14. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Knabbe+J&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Johannes Knabbe">Johannes Knabbe</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Protzmann+J&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Jil Protzmann">Jil Protzmann</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden." href="#affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Schneider+N&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Niklas Schneider">Niklas Schneider</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland." href="#affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Berger+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michael Berger">Michael Berger</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Dannehl+D&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Dominik Dannehl">Dominik Dannehl</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Wei+S&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Shoupeng Wei">Shoupeng Wei</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Strahle+C&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Christopher Strahle">Christopher Strahle</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Tegtmeier+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Michèle Tegtmeier">Michèle Tegtmeier</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Jaiswal+A&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Astha Jaiswal">Astha Jaiswal</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany." href="#affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Zheng+H&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Hongwei Zheng">Hongwei Zheng</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany." href="#affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Kr%C3%BCger+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Marcus Krüger">Marcus Krüger</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-9" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 9 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Rohr+K&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Karl Rohr">Karl Rohr</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany." href="#affiliation-8" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 8 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Spanagel+R&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rainer Spanagel">Rainer Spanagel</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-10" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 10 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Bilbao+A&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ainhoa Bilbao">Ainhoa Bilbao</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-7" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 7 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Engelhardt+M&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Maren Engelhardt">Maren Engelhardt</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany." href="#affiliation-6" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 6 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria." href="#affiliation-11" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 11 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Scholz+H&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Henrike Scholz">Henrike Scholz</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany." href="#affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=Cambridge+SB&amp;cauthor_id=35700362" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Sidney B Cambridge">Sidney B Cambridge</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Anatomy II, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany." href="#affiliation-12" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 12 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Current address: Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany." href="#affiliation-13" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 13 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-1"><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-2"><sup class="key">2</sup> Functional Neuroanatomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-3"><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-4"><sup class="key">4</sup> Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-5"><sup class="key">5</sup> Institute for Zoology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-6"><sup class="key">6</sup> Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-7"><sup class="key">7</sup> Behavioral Genetics Research Group, Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-8"><sup class="key">8</sup> Biomedical Computer Vision Group, BioQuant, IPMB, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-9"><sup class="key">9</sup> CECAD Research Center, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-10"><sup class="key">10</sup> Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-11"><sup class="key">11</sup> Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-12"><sup class="key">12</sup> Anatomy II, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="affiliation-13"><sup class="key">13</sup> Current address: Dr. Senckenbergische Anatomie, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">35700362</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.1073/pnas.2122477119&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2122477119" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI"> 10.1073/pnas.2122477119 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden=""> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button 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class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="enc-abstract"> <p> Alcohol intoxication at early ages is a risk factor for the development of addictive behavior. To uncover neuronal molecular correlates of acute ethanol intoxication, we used stable-isotope-labeled mice combined with quantitative mass spectrometry to screen more than 2,000 hippocampal proteins, of which 72 changed synaptic abundance up to twofold after ethanol exposure. Among those were mitochondrial proteins and proteins important for neuronal morphology, including MAP6 and ankyrin-G. Based on these candidate proteins, we found acute and lasting molecular, cellular, and behavioral changes following a single intoxication in alcohol-naïve mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed a shortening of axon initial segments. Longitudinal two-photon in vivo imaging showed increased synaptic dynamics and mitochondrial trafficking in axons. Knockdown of mitochondrial trafficking in dopaminergic neurons abolished conditioned alcohol preference in <i>Drosophila</i> flies. This study introduces mitochondrial trafficking as a process implicated in reward learning and highlights the potential of high-resolution proteomics to identify cellular mechanisms relevant for addictive behavior. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> Drosophila; addiction; ethanol; plasticity; two-photon microscopy. </p> </div> <div id="mesh-terms" class="mesh-terms keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> MeSH terms </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Alcoholic Intoxication* / metabolism" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore=""> Alcoholic Intoxication* / metabolism </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Alcoholic Intoxication* / 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class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Mitochondria%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Mitochondria%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMeSH%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Mitochondria/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Mitochondria / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?sort=date&amp;term=Mitochondria" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Mitochondria / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Mitochondria/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Mitochondria/metabolism&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link major" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins* / genetics" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore=""> Nerve Tissue Proteins* / genetics </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-15" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins* / genetics" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%2Fgenetics%22%5BMAJR%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics&quot;[MAJR]" 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aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-16" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore=""> Nerve Tissue Proteins* / metabolism </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-major-16" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins* / metabolism" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%2Fmetabolism%22%5BMAJR%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Nerve Tissue Proteins* / metabolism"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?sort=date&amp;term=Nerve+Tissue+Proteins" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Nerve Tissue Proteins* / metabolism"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism&quot;[MAJR]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism&quot;[MAJR]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Protein Transport / drug effects" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore=""> Protein Transport / drug effects </button><div id="keyword-actions-mesh-terms-17" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Protein Transport / drug effects" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Protein+Transport%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Protein+Transport%2Fdrug+effects%22%5BMeSH%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;mesh=&quot;Protein Transport/drug effects&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="mesh_term" data-ga-label="Protein Transport / drug effects"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?sort=date&amp;term=Protein+Transport" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="mesh_term_link" data-ga-label="Protein Transport / drug effects"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Protein Transport/drug effects&quot;[MeSH]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Protein Transport/drug effects&quot;[MeSH]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="substances" class="substances keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Substances </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore=""> Nerve Tissue Proteins </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Nerve Tissue Proteins" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%22%5Bnm%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Nerve Tissue Proteins&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Nerve Tissue Proteins"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?sort=date&amp;term=%22Nerve+Tissue+Proteins%22" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="substance_link" data-ga-label="Nerve Tissue Proteins"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Nerve Tissue Proteins&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Nerve Tissue Proteins&quot;[nm]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Ethanol" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-substances-1" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore=""> Ethanol </button><div id="keyword-actions-substances-1" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Ethanol" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Ethanol%22%5Bnm%5D" data-href="/?sort=date&amp;term=%22Ethanol%22%5Bnm%5D" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Ethanol&quot;[nm]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="substance" data-ga-label="Ethanol"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link 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value="MLA"> MLA </option> <option data-style-url-name="nlm" value="NLM" selected="selected"> NLM </option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="dots-loading-indicator citation-loading-indicator"> <div class="dot dot-1"></div> <div class="dot dot-2"></div> <div class="dot dot-3"></div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="More Actions Dialog"> <div id="more-actions-dialog" class="dialog more-actions-dialog" role="document"> <strong class="title">Send To</strong> <ul class="more-actions-links"> <li><a id="clipboard-trigger" role="button" class="submit-button clipboard-trigger clipboard-trigger-target dialog-focus link-item " href="#">Clipboard</a></li> <li><a class="email-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Email</a></li> <li><a class="save-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Save</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" 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Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php