$re = '/[^\\\\](?:(?:\\\\{2})*)\$(?:(?:[=|-]?([A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z_]+[A-Z0-9_]*)|(?:{[=|-]?([A-Z0-9_]*[A-Z_]+[A-Z0-9_]*)})))/';
$str = '${HAVE_ERROR}
\\\\${PATH}
\\\\$SHELL
\\\\\\\\${PATH}
${HTTP_PORT}
$HTTP_PORT
$PORT
$1_PORT
${1_PORT}
$PORT_345
${PORT_345}
${AZK_AGENT_CONF_FILE}
${HTTP_HOST_2345}
${=HTTP_HOST_2345}
${-HTTP_HOST_2345}
$ENV.HTTP
# ^ should match
# v should not match
any_text
LIKE_A_ENV_NAME
\\${PATH}
\\$SHELL
\\ \\${PATH}
\\ \\$SHELL
\\\\\\${PATH}
\\\\\\$SHELL
$1
${1}
$@
$?
${env}
${env.io}
${ENV
${ENV_hahaha}
${ENV.HTTP}
$envs.HTTP_PORT
${envs.HTTP_PORT}
${-net.host}
${-net.port.http}
${=net.port.http}
<%azk.default_domain%>
<%=manifest.dir%>
#{-system.name}
#{=manifest.dir}
#{azk}
#{azk.io}
##hello
$hello
%hello%
<hello>';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php