$re = '/(?<!https?:)\/\/(.+?)(?<!https?:)\/\//mi';
$str = 'fff https://stackoverflow.com<br><br>bar https://stackoverflow.com. <br>foo<br>1. //ok// - bar. //ok// - bar. //ok// - foo. //ok// - bar<br>6. //ok// -((https://stackoverflow.com)), ok (((https://stackoverflow.com bar))), fooo/ bar<br> //ok (https://stackoverflow.com bar))).//<br> foo (((https://stackoverflow.com foo)) - ';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php