re = /\s*\{\{source\|(?>[^{}]|(\{\{(?:[^{}]++|(?1))*}}))*}}\s*/m
str = '# Test is a cool word {{source|{{nom w pc|Chantal|Bouchard}}, \'\'La langue et le nombril\'\', Presses de l\'Université de Montréal (PUM), 2020, p. 174}}.
# Test is a cool word {{source|Nicolas|Daniel, Presses de l\'Université de Montréal 4}}'
subst = ''
result = str.gsub(re, subst)
# Print the result of the substitution
puts result
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Ruby, please visit: http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.0/Regexp.html