$re = '/\[(.+?)(?<!(?<!\\\\)\\\\{2})\]/m';
$str = '+------------------+----------------+
| Input | Output |
+------------------+----------------+
| [B] | B |
| [B][C][D] | B |
| [hello\\t\\tworld] | hello\\t\\tworld |
| [hello\\n\\nworld] | hello\\n\\nworld |
| [\\\\]] | \\\\] |
| [\\\\\\\\] | \\\\\\\\ |
| [x[y\\\\]z][foo] | x[y\\\\]z |
+------------------+----------------+';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php