use strict;
my $str = '### **UPSC Related Key Points and Key Facts**
---
#### **1. Background and Formation of Jharkhand**
- **Carved Out of Bihar:**
- Formed on **November 15, 2000**, during PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee\'s tenure.
- Alongside Chhattisgarh (from Madhya Pradesh) and Uttarakhand (from Uttar Pradesh).
- Created to address tribal and regional aspirations, coinciding with **Birsa Munda\'s birth anniversary.**
- **Structure Post-Bifurcation:**
- Comprises **18 of Bihar’s 55 districts.**
- Has **81 Assembly seats** and **14 Lok Sabha seats.**
- Rich in mineral resources, but socioeconomically underdeveloped.
- **Historical Demand:**
- Tribal leader **Jaipal Singh Munda’s Jharkhand Party** fought for a separate state post-Independence.
- Demand was initially rejected by the **States Reorganisation Commission** citing economic and agricultural concerns.
---
#### **2. Political Landscape and Turmoil**
- **Dominant Parties:**
- **BJP** and **Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM)** dominate state politics.
- Other players: Congress, RJD, CPI, and **Jharkhand Vikas Morcha-Prajatantrik (JVM-P)** (formed by Babulal Marandi).
- **Chief Ministers:**
- Jharkhand has had **seven CMs** since 2000, reflecting political instability.
- Only **Raghubar Das** (BJP, 2014-2019) completed a full term.
---
#### **3. Electoral and Political History**
- **2000-2005: Early Instability**
- **Babulal Marandi (BJP):** First CM, but infighting led to his replacement by **Arjun Munda (BJP)** in 2003.
- In 2005, JMM leader **Shibu Soren** briefly became CM but resigned within 10 days due to lack of majority.
- **2006-2014: Turmoil and Alliances**
- **Madhu Koda (Independent):** Became CM in 2006 but lost power after corruption allegations.
- Frequent switches between Presidents\' Rule and short-lived alliances involving BJP, JMM, Congress, and Independents.
- **Hemant Soren (JMM):** Became CM in 2013 for the first time after breaking with BJP.
- **2014-2019: BJP Consolidation**
- **Raghubar Das (BJP):** First non-tribal CM, completed a five-year term.
- BJP’s 2014 Assembly win was driven by the **Narendra Modi wave.**
- **2019-Present: JMM Resurgence**
- **Hemant Soren (JMM):** Returned as CM after JMM-Congress alliance secured a majority.
- Accusations of corruption led to his temporary resignation; **Champai Soren** served briefly as CM.
---
#### **4. Challenges in Jharkhand’s Politics**
- **Fragmentation and Alliances:**
- No single party has won a clear majority in any Assembly election so far.
- Frequent changes in government due to defections and coalition instability.
- **Tribal vs Non-Tribal Leadership:**
- Tribal leaders (Babulal Marandi, Hemant Soren) dominate discourse, but BJP experimented with a non-tribal CM in Raghubar Das.
- **Corruption and Governance Issues:**
- Several leaders, including Madhu Koda and Hemant Soren, have faced allegations of corruption.
- Political instability has hindered long-term development.
---
#### **5. Current Political Scenario**
- **BJP:**
- Led by **Babulal Marandi**, who returned to BJP in 2019 after leading JVM-P.
- Raghubar Das now serves as Governor of Odisha.
- **JMM:**
- Hemant Soren continues to lead despite controversies, but internal rifts remain a concern.
- Competing demands from tribal and non-tribal sections persist.
---
### **Mermaid Diagram**
```mermaid
graph LR
A[Formation of Jharkhand (2000)] --> B[Reasons for Creation]
B --> B1[Tribal Aspirations]
B --> B2[Birsa Munda Legacy]
B --> B3[Rich Mineral Resources]
A --> C[Political Landscape]
C --> C1[BJP Dominance]
C --> C2[JMM as Key Rival]
C --> C3[Congress and Regional Players]
A --> D[Timeline of Chief Ministers]
D --> D1[Babulal Marandi (2000-2003)]
D --> D2[Arjun Munda (2003-2005, 2010-2013)]
D --> D3[Madhu Koda (2006-2008)]
D --> D4[Hemant Soren (2013-Present)]
A --> E[Challenges]
E --> E1[Frequent Political Instability]
E --> E2[Corruption Allegations]
E --> E3[Tribal vs Non-Tribal Leadership]
A --> F[Recent Developments]
F --> F1[Babulal Marandi Returns to BJP]
F --> F2[Hemant Soren Faces Corruption Allegations]
F --> F3[Tribal Discontent and Economic Challenges]
```
';
my $regex = qr/^(.*?)\[(.*?)(\(.*?\).*?)\]$/mp;
my $subst = '\\1\\[\\"\\2\\3\\"]';
my $result = $str =~ s/$regex/$subst/rg;
print "The result of the substitution is' $result\n";
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Perl, please visit: http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html