$re = '/(\d+)(?=(?:.(?!\())*\))/';
$str = '21 [42] (12) 19 25 [44] (25 26 27) 17 (14 3) 8 1 6 (19)';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php