$re = '/^(?<author>[A-Z](?:(?!$)[A-Za-z\s&.,\'’])+)\((?<year>\d{4})\)\.?\s*(?<title>[^()]+?[?.!])\s*(?:(?:(?<jurnal>(?:(?!^[A-Z])[^.]+?)),\s*(?<issue>\d+)[^,.]*(?=,\s*\d+|.\s*Ret))|(?:In\s*(?<editors>[^()]+))\(Eds?\.\),\s*(?<book>[^().]+)|(?:[^():]+:[^().]+\.)|(?:Retrieved|Paper presented))/m';
$str = '
Anonymous. (1998). To reveal or not to reveal: A theoretical model of anonymous
communication. Communication Theory, 8, 381–407.
Bailenson, J. (2006). Transformed social interaction in collaborative virtual environments.
In P. Messaris & L. Humphreys (Eds.), Digital media: Transformations in human
communication (pp. 255–264). New York: Peter Lang.
Bailenson, J., Beall, A., Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., & Turk, M. (2005). Transformed social
interaction, augmented gaze, and social influence in immersive virtual environments.
Human Communication Research, 31, 511–537.
Bailenson, J., Blascovich, J., Beall, A., & Loomis, J. (2003). Interpersonal distance in immersive
virtual environments. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 1–15.
Bem, D. (1972). Self perception theory. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social
psychology (Vol. 6). New York: Academic Press.
Blascovich, J., Loomis, J., Beall, A., Swinth, K., Hoyt, C., & Bailenson, J. (2002). Immersive
virtual environment technology as a methodological tool for social psychology.
Psychological Inquiry, 13(2), 103–124.
Burgoon, J. (1978). A communication model of personal space violation: Explication and an
initial test. Human Communication Research, 4, 129–142.
Burgoon, J., & Walther, J. (1990). Nonverbal expectancies and the evaluative consequences of
violations. Human Communication Research, 17, 232–265.
Burgoon, J., Walther, J., & Baesler, E. (1992). Interpretations, evaluations, and consequences
of interpersonal touch. Human Communication Research, 19, 237–263.
Chan, E., & Vorderer, P. (2006). Massively multiplayer online games. In P. Vorderer &
J. Bryant (Eds.), Playing computer games—Motives, responses, and consequences. Mahwah,
NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Culnan, M. J., & Markus, M. L. (1987). Information technologies. In F. M. Jablin &
L. L. Putnam (Eds.), Handbook of organizational communication: An interdisciplinary
perspective (pp. 420–443). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Dion, K., Berscheid, E., & Walster, E. (1972). What is beautiful is good. Journal of Personality
and Social Psychology, 24, 285–290.
Flanagin, A. J., Tiyaamornwong, V., O’Connor, J., & Seibold, D. R. (2002).
Computer-mediated group work: The interaction of member sex and anonymity.
Communication Research, 29, 66–93.
Forsythe, R., Horowitz, J., Savin, N., & Sefton, M. (1994). Fairness in simple bargaining
experiments. Games and Economic Behavior, 6, 347–369.
Frank, M., & Gilovich, T. (1988). The dark side of self and social perception: Black uniforms
and aggression in professional sports. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54,
74–85.
Freedman, D. G. (1979). Human sociobiology. New York: Free Press.
288 Human Communication Research 33 (2007) 271–290 ª 2007 International Communication Association
N. Yee & J. Bailenson The Proteus Effect
Friend, R. M., & Vinson, M. (1974). Leaning over backward: Jurors responses to defendants’
attractiveness. Journal of Communication, 24, 124–129.
Gergen, K., Gergen, M., & Barton, W. H. (1973). Deviance in the dark. Psychology Today,
11, 129–130.
Hancock, J., & Dunham, P. (2001). Impression formation in computer-mediated
communication revisited: An analysis of the breadth and intensity of impressions.
Communication Research, 28, 325–347.
Harrison, A. A., & Saeed, L. (1977). Let’s make a deal: An analysis of revelations and
stipulations in lonely hearts advertisements. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,
35, 257–264.
Hiltz, S., Johnson, K., & Turoff, M. (1986). Experiments in group decision making:
Communication processes and outcome in face-to-face versus computerized conferences.
Human Communication Research, 13, 225–252.
Jacobson, D. (1999). Impression formation in cyberspace: Online expectations and offline
experiences in text-based virtual communities. Journal of Computer-Mediated
Communication, 5. Retrieved April 26, 2007, from http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol5/issue1/
jacobson.html
Jarvenpaa, S., & Leidner, D. (1998). Communication and trust in global virtual teams. Journal
of Computer-Mediated Communication, 3. Retrieved April 26, 2007, from http://
jcmc.indiana.edu/vol3/issue4/jarvenpaa.html
Johnson, R., & Downing, L. (1979). Deindividuation and valence of cues: Effects on prosocial
and antisocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 1532–1538.
Kiesler, S., Siegel, J., & McGuire, T. W. (1984). Social psychological aspects of
computer-mediated communication. American Psychologist, 39, 1123–1134.
Langlois, J., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A., Larson, A., Hallam, M., & Smoot, M. (2000).
Maxims or myths of beauty?: A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological
Bulletin, 126, 390–423.
Lea, M., O’Shea, T., & Spears, R. (1992). ‘‘Flaming’’ in computer-mediated communication.
In M. Lea (Ed.), Contexts of computer-mediated communication (pp. 89–112). New York:
Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Linden Labs (2006). What is second life? Retrieved May 5, 2006, from lindenlab.com/
ProductFactSheet.pdf
Loomis, J., Blascovich, J., & Beall, A. (1999). Immersive virtual environments as a basic
research tool in psychology. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers,
31, 557–564.
McKenna, K., & Bargh, J. (2000). Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for
personality and social psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 57–75.
Merola, N., Penas, J., & Hancock, J. (2006). Avatar color and social identity effects: On attitudes
andgroupdynamics invirtualrealities. Paper presented at the ICA 2006, Dresden, Germany.
National Center for Health Statistics (2004). National health and nutrition examination
survey 2003-2004. Retrieved September 5, 2006, from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/about/
major/nhanes/nhanes2003-2004/nhanes03_04.htm
Normand, V., Babski, C., Benford, S., Bullock, A., Carion, S., Chrysanthou, Y, et al. (1999).
The COVEN project: Exploring applicative, technical, and usage dimensions of
collaborative virtual environment. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 8,
218–236.
Human Communication Research 33 (2007) 271–290 ª 2007 International Communication Associati289
The Proteus Effect N. Yee & J. Bailenson
Parks, M. R., & Floyd, K. (1996). Making friends in cyberspace. Journal of Communication,
46, 80–96.
Postmes, T., & Spears, R. (2002). Behavior online: Does anonymous computer
communication reduce gender inequality? Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 28,
1073–1083.
Postmes, T., Spears, R., & Lea, M. (1998). Breaching or building social boundaries?
Communication Research, 25, 689–699.
Postmes, T., Spears, R., & Lea, M. (2000). The formation of group norms in
computer-mediated communication. Human Communication Research, 26, 341–371.
Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications.
London: Wiley.
Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Social perception and interpersonal
behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. Journal of Personality & Social
Psychology, 35, 656–666.
Spears, R., & Lea, M. (1994). Panacea or panopticon? The hidden power in
computer-mediated communication. Communication Research, 21, 427–459.
Stogdill, R. M. (1948). Personal factors associated with leadership: A survey of the literature.
Journal of Psychology, 25, 35–71.
Trevino, L., & Webster, J. (1992). Flow in computer-mediated communication: electronic
mail and voice mail evaluation and impacts. Communication Research, 19, 539–573.
Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of the Internet: New York: Simon and
Schuster.
Valins, S. (1966). Cognitive effects of false heart-rate feedback. Journal of Personality and
Social Psychology, 4, 400–408.
Walther, J. (1996). Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and
hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, 23(1), 3–43.
Walther, J., Anderson, J., & Park, D. (1994). Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated
interaction: A meta-analysis of social and anti-social communication. Communication
Research, 21, 460–487.
Walther, J., Slovacek, C., & Tidwell, L. (2001). Is a picture worth a thousand words?:
Photographic images in long-term and short-term computer-mediated communication.
Communication Research, 28, 105–134.
Yee, N. (2006). The demographics, motivations, and derived experiences of users of massively
multi-user online graphical environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual
Environments, 15, 309–329.
Young, T. J., & French, L. A. (1996). Height and perceived competence of U.S. Presidents.
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 1002.
Zimbardo, P. (1969). The human choice: Individuation, reason, and order vs.
deindividuation, impulse and chaos. In W. J. Arnold & D. Levine (Eds.), Nebraska
symposium on motivation (Vol. 17, pp. 237–307). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
290 Human Communication Research 33 (2007) 271–290 ª 2007 International Communication Association
';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php