$re = '/((?<!foo)\("(.*?)")|^[^(]*".*?"/m';
$str = 'foo("some str1"); // ignore
foo2("another string"); // need this
"simple string"; // need this
foo(L"wide str"); // ignore
#define NAME "name" // need this';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php