$re = '/^(\|*(?:(?!\|\|(?!.*\|\|)).)*)/m';
$str = 'a|b|c|d
a|b||c||d
a|b||c|d
|||a|b||c||d
|||a|b||c|a||e
||||a|b||c|a||f
';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php