$re = '/(?<=^ *)(?=\$(?:\{[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*\}|[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)|[a-z_][a-z0-9_]*)(?:(?:\$\{)?([^ \}]+)\}?)(?= *$)/im';
$str = '### INFO
# Attempt to capture a parameter identifier inside a text selection, possibly
# wrapped in whitespace, including the following (examples using `backtick quotes`):
# - Raw word: e.g. `param_name`
# - $parameter expansion: e.g. `$param_name`
# - ${parameter} expansion e.g. `${param_name}`
### ENDINFO
testvar
testvar
test_var
test5_var
test_var5
$test_var
$test_var4
${test_var4}';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php