# If you'd like to omit non-matching lines from the result; add ';d' to the end of the expression.
sed -E 's/^(text[ ]*=[ ]*)'(((?!item_1[,]?).)*)'/\1'item_1,\2'/gm;t' <<< "text = ''
text = 'a'
text = 'a,b,c,d'
text = 'item_1,a'
text = 'item_1,a,b'
text = 'a,b,item_1'
text = 'a,item_1,b'
text = 'a,item_1'
text = 'item_1,item_1'
text = 'item_1'"
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for SED, please visit: https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/html_node/The-_0022s_0022-Command.html