$re = '/^(?<group>(?<value>[^()\r\n]+)*\((?<groupVal>(?&group)|(?&value))\)(?&groupVal)*)$/m';
$str = '(F(i(r(s)t))) ((S)(e)((c)(o))n)d) (((((((Third)))))))
(F(i(r(s)t))) ((S)(e)((c)(o))n)d (((((((Third)))))))
((F(i(r(s)t))) ((S)(e)((c)(o))n)d) (((((((Third)))))))';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php