$re = '/\b&\b(?!\w+;)/m';
$str = 'a<a
a>a
a'a
a"e;a
a&a
johnson&johnson
J&J
R&D
P&AB
M&ABC
O&ABCD
B&SS-IHC
S&B
GC&E
M&G
P&D';
$subst = "&";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php