$re = '/(<TopicSet FormalName="PARENT1">)([\s\S]*?)(<\/TopicSet>)/m';
$str = '<TopicSet FormalName="PARENT1">
<Topic>
<TopicType FormalName="Child1" />
</Topic>
<Topic>
<TopicType FormalName="Child2" />
</Topic>
<Topic>
<TopicType FormalName="Child3" />
</Topic>
</TopicSet>
<TopicSet FormalName="PARENT2">
<Topic>
<TopicType FormalName="Child1" />
</Topic>
<Topic>
<TopicType FormalName="Child2" />
</Topic>
<Topic>
<TopicType FormalName="Child3" />
</Topic>
</TopicSet>';
$subst = "$1$2$3";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php