$re = '/(?<!\S)pattern(?!\S)(?=(?:(?!(?<!\S)(?:start|end)(?!\S)).)*?(?<!\S)end(?!\S))/m';
$str = 'pattern foo start fkdsjflsd pattern jdflsdjf pattern end';
$subst = "replace_pattern";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php