$re = '/\b(?P<id_1>a|b|c)\b(?:(?!\b(?:q|w)\b).)*(?P<id_2>q|w)?\b/i';
$str = 'a something* q b c w
a something* w
a
a w';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php