$re = '/^(?:ALTER\ TABLE\ ONLY\ )
([^\n\r]+)[\n\r]
(?:ADD\ CONSTRAINT\ )
fk_\S+(?=.*REFERENCES\ ([^()]+))/mx';
$str = 'ALTER TABLE ONLY document_labels
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_g71qgs6l2ufr3170u44j5fpk3 FOREIGN KEY (label_id) REFERENCES application_value(id);
ALTER TABLE ONLY rule_group_functionality_mapping
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_g8twyunj9bm096sqywdi8rcx8 FOREIGN KEY (rule_group) REFERENCES application_value(id);
ALTER TABLE ONLY time_track
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_gmpyguqbpm1ndjjsxvt03wq4g FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES user_account(user_id);
ALTER TABLE ONLY document_labels
ADD CONSTRAINT fk_document_labels_application_value FOREIGN KEY (label_id)
REFERENCES application_value(id);';
$subst = "ALTER TABLE $1\nADD CONSTRAINT fk_$1_$2";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php