use strict;
my $str = 'PG.BiologicalProcess
PG.MolecularFunction
20210427_EXPL2_Evo1_CML_DIA44min_CSF-01-R_49.raw.PG.MS1Quantity
20210427_EXPL2_Evo1_CML_DIA44min_CSF-02-R_50.raw.PG.MS1Quantity
20210608_EXPL2_Evo3_CML_DIA44m_60k15k_CSF-01-30R_109.raw.PG.MS1Quantity
20210608_EXPL2_Evo3_CML_DIA44m_60k15k_CSF-01-Sr.raw.PG.MS1Quantity';
my $regex = qr/.*CSF-([^._]*).*/mp;
my $subst = '\\1';
my $result = $str =~ s/$regex/$subst/rg;
print "The result of the substitution is' $result\n";
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Perl, please visit: http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html