re = /.*CSF-([^._]*).*/m
str = 'PG.BiologicalProcess
PG.MolecularFunction
20210427_EXPL2_Evo1_CML_DIA44min_CSF-01-R_49.raw.PG.MS1Quantity
20210427_EXPL2_Evo1_CML_DIA44min_CSF-02-R_50.raw.PG.MS1Quantity
20210608_EXPL2_Evo3_CML_DIA44m_60k15k_CSF-01-30R_109.raw.PG.MS1Quantity
20210608_EXPL2_Evo3_CML_DIA44m_60k15k_CSF-01-Sr.raw.PG.MS1Quantity'
subst = '\\1'
result = str.gsub(re, subst)
# Print the result of the substitution
puts result
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Ruby, please visit: http://ruby-doc.org/core-2.2.0/Regexp.html