$re = '~[^`\'"?:]*
(?:
` [^`\\\\]*+ (?s:\\\\.[^`\\\\]*|``[^`\\\\]*)*+ `
[^`\'"?:]*
|
\' [^\'\\\\]*+ (?s:\\\\.[^\'\\\\]*|\'\'[^\'\\\\]*)*+ \'
[^`\'"?:]*
|
" [^"\\\\]*+ (?s:\\\\.[^"\\\\]*|""[^"\\\\]*)*+ "
[^`\'"?:]*
)* \K (*SKIP)
(?:
\?{1,2}
|
:{1,2}
([a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*)
)~xA';
$str = 'INSERT INTO xyz WHERE
a=?
and b="wha\\"t?"
and ??="cheese"
and `col?`=\'OK\'
and ::col=\'another\'
and last!=:least';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php