# If you'd like to omit non-matching lines from the result; add ';d' to the end of the expression.
sed -E 's/(?>\\caption(?:of)?\b[^{]*{|(?<!^)\G)(?>[^}{]|(\{(?:[^}{]*+|(?-1))*}))*?\K\\{2}/\\par/g;t' <<< " \begin{figure}
\includegraphics{pic.pdf}
\caption[]{My caption \\
Source: XYZ}
\label{fig:pic_1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics{pic.pdf}
\captionof[]{My caption \\ xyz \\ abc
\label{fig:pic_1} }
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics{pic.pdf}
\caption[]{My caption {with extra brackets}
Source: XYZ}
\label{fig:pic_1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics{pic.pdf}
\caption[]{My caption}
\end{figure}
Some text\\ %% This \\ should not be changed, it's not within a caption
More text
\begin{figure}[H]
\includegraphics{pic.pdf}
\caption[]{My caption \\ Source: XYZ}
\label{fig:pic_1}
\end{figure}"
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for SED, please visit: https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/html_node/The-_0022s_0022-Command.html