$re = '/\[{2}([^|]*?)(?:\|(.*?))?\]{2}/';
$str = 'A [[2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake|6.9 magnitude earthquake]] in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, kills 12 and injures more than 400
[[December 1]] A triangular [[Conjunction (astronomy)|conjunction]] formed by a new Moon, Venus and Jupiter is a [[Conjunction (astronomy)#2008|prominent sight]] in the evening sky. [[December 2]]
';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php