$re = '~^(?:[a-z\d]+-?)*?(?:/|(?=20\d{2}-?){1,2})~m';
$str = 'abc-def/something/else/ [incl. slash if there is not character before it]
abc-def-2019/something/else/
abc-def-2019-2020/something/else/
abc-def-125-2019/something/else/';
$subst = "";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php