$re = '/(?:\s(?:low|high)\s)?(?:\S+\s+and\s)?\S+[ \t]+(?:stress|deficiency|limiting)/';
$str = 'salt and water stress
photo-oxidative stress
salinity and high light stress
low-temperature stress
Cd stress
Cu deficiency
N deficiency
IMI stress
no match:
stress
deficiency
limiting
temperature and water
low
high
water and salt';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php