$re = '/\.com\/\K(?:who[^\/?\s]{2}|what[^\/?\s])(?:[^\/?\s]{5})?/';
$str = 'http://www.test.com/who12/foo
http://www.test.com/who1iiiiiiikskkskskdsdsdsdsds/foo
http://www.test.com/what1
http://www.test.com/what1?param=true
whatasjdklajslkdjaskljdksjadklsajdkasjdkasjdklajds
or
/what/ksjasdjsakldjalskjdklasjdkasjdklasjdl
';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php