$re = '/(?s)^(?!.*\[\d+]$)(.*)/m';
$str = 'Dee, DP(Dee, D. P.)[1];Uppala, SM(Uppala, S. M.)[0];Simmons, AJ(Simmons, A. J.)[0];Kobayashi, S(Kobayashi, S.)[2];Andrae, U(Andrae, U.)';
$subst = "\1[0]";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php