$re = '/^[sS]ee, e\.g\.,(?![^()\n]*(?=\()(\(1st Cir\. \d{4}\))?[^()\n]*(?=\(|.)(\(2nd Cir\. \d{4}\))?[^()\n]*(?=\(|.)(\(3rd Cir\. \d{4}\))?[^()\n]*(?=\(|.)(\(4th Cir\. \d{4}\))?[^()\n]*(?=\(|.)(\(5th Cir\. \d{4}\))?[^()\n]*(?=\(|.)(\(D\.C\. Cir\. \d{4}\))?\.?$).*/m';
$str = 'See, e.g., Smith v. U.S. (1st Cir. 2012); U.S. v. Sara (3rd Cir. 2017).
See, e.g., Jefferson v. U.S. (2nd Cir. 2012); U.S. v. Coolidge (D.C. Cir. 2017).
See, e.g., Lincoln v. Jones (3rd Cir. 2012); U.S. v. Roosevelt (5th Cir. 2017).
See, e.g., Smith v. U.S. (5th Cir. 2012); U.S. v. Sara (1st Cir. 2017).
See, e.g., Jefferson v. U.S. (D.C. Cir. 2012); U.S. v. Coolidge (10th Cir. 2017).
See, e.g., Lincoln v. Jones (9th Cir. 2012); U.S. v. Roosevelt (3d Cir. 2017).';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php