$re = '/(?<=\\\\f[ ](?P<modifier>[-,+,?])[ ])(?P<string>.+)(?=\\\\f\*)/';
$str = '\\f + \\fr 1.1: \\ft Some manuscripts do not have \\fq the Son of God.\\f*
\\f + \\fr 1.4: \\fq John appeared in the desert, baptizing and preaching; \\ft some manuscripts have \\fqa John the Baptist appeared in the desert, preaching.\\f*';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php