$re = '/\b19(?=(?:1|2))(\d{2})/';
$str = '1916-1918 subscales for a subject
1998-1914 subscales for a subject
subscales for a subject 1998-1920';
$subst = "20\2";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php