use strict;
my $str = '\\rpl{text}{ some\\com1[opts]{ some \\qtyrange{100}{200}{\\celsius} and }{something else \\gls{abc} $1=1$ not \\colortext{\\red}{\\underline{text}}}} but this is already braced {\\qtyrange{100}{200}{\\celsius}}}
';
my $regex = qr/(?<prefix>{[^\\}]++)(?<first_lvl_command>\\\w+(?:\[[^]]++]?({(?:[^{}]+|(?3))*+}))({(?:[^{}]+|(?3))*+})?)(?<closing_bracket>})/mp;
my $subst = '$prefix {$first_lvl_command$closing_bracket}';
my $result = $str =~ s/$regex/$subst/rg;
print "The result of the substitution is' $result\n";
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for Perl, please visit: http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html