# If you'd like to omit non-matching lines from the result; add ';d' to the end of the expression.
sed -E 's/^([^.]+)\_([^.]+)\_([^.]+)\_([^.]+)\_([^.]+)\.fastq$/$1_$4.fastq/gm;t' <<< "A10_S65_L001_R1_001.fastq
A8_S49_L001_R2_001.fastq
B7_S42_L001_R1_001.fastq
C5_S27_L001_R2_001.fastq
F4_S22_L001_R1_001.fastq
G2_S7_L001_R2_001.fastq
H1_S165_L001_R1_001.fastq
A10_S65_L001_R2_001.fastq
A9_S57_L001_R1_001.fastq
B7_S42_L001_R2_001.fastq
C6_S35_L001_R1_001.fastq
F4_S22_L001_R2_001.fastq
G3_S15_L001_R1_001.fastq
H1_S165_L001_R2_001.fastq"
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for SED, please visit: https://www.gnu.org/software/sed/manual/html_node/The-_0022s_0022-Command.html