const regex = /(\$`)(.*?)(`\$)/sgm;
// Alternative syntax using RegExp constructor
// const regex = new RegExp('(\\$`)(.*?)(`\\$)', 'sgm')
const str = `p is prime. \$\`p_i\`\$ is the \$\`i^{th}\`\$ prime.
\$\`F(p)\`\$ is the set of factors \`f\` used to generate multiples of the prime \`p\`.
\$\`
\\begin{aligned}
\\dfrac{5}{2} r \\cdot \\dfrac{\\>\\>\\>\\frac{3}{2} w} {\\>1r}
&= \\frac{15}{4} w \\\\
&= \\>\\>3 \\frac{3}{4} \\>cups\\>water.
\\end{aligned}
\`\$
\$\`xyz\`\$
\$\`\`\$
`;
const subst = `\$$2\$`;
// The substituted value will be contained in the result variable
const result = str.replace(regex, subst);
console.log('Substitution result: ', result);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for JavaScript, please visit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions