$re = '/(?<!\\\\)(?:\\\\{2})*(?:"[^"\\\\]*(?:\\\\.[^"\\\\]*)*"|\'[^\'\\\\]*(?:\\\\.[^\'\\\\]*)*\')(*SKIP)(?!)|\s+/s';
$str = 'abc | xx ?? "1 x \' 3" d e f \' y " 5 \' x yz';
$subst = "";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php