$re = '/^(?![_ -])(?:(?![_ -]{2})[\w -]){5,16}(?<![_ -])$/m';
$str = '** VALID **
usern
username-is-writ
username is here
username_is_here
** INVALID **
user
username-is-written-here
-username
_username
username
username-
username_
username
username--here
username here
username__here
username- here
username _here';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php