$re = '/\[document\s+(\d+)]\s+\1(?!\d)/m';
$str = '[document 23] 23 and [document 34] 48 are white [document 24] 240 text';
$subst = "\1";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php