const regex = new RegExp('<img src=".*?((/img/[^"]+)/thumbs/([^"]+))".*alt="(.*?)"[^>]*class="([^"]*popup-img[^"]*)"[^>]*>', 'gmi')
const str = `<img src="http://example/img/product/name/thumbs/100/img1.jpg" alt="описание фото1" width="100" height="100" caption="false" class="popup-img" />
<img src="http://example/img/product/name/thumbs/100/img2.jpg" alt="описание фото2" width="100" height="100" caption="false" class="popup-img left" />
<img src="http://example/img/product/name/thumbs/100/img2.jpg" alt="описание фото2" width="100" height="100" caption="false" class="wrong-class left" />`;
const subst = `<a class="$5" href="..$2/$3" title="$4" style="background: url('..$1');-webkit-background-size: cover;background-size: cover;"></a>`;
// The substituted value will be contained in the result variable
const result = str.replace(regex, subst);
console.log('Substitution result: ', result);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for JavaScript, please visit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions