$re = '/<a href="(?:(?!<a href="|<\/a>).)*(?:たこ|いか|ししゃも)<\/a>/m';
$str = '今日はお寿司を食べに来た。僕の好きな寿司<a href="tako.html">ネタはたこ</a>と<a href="ika.html">スルメいか</a>です。実は <a href="kihada-maguro.html">きはだまぐろ</a>も好きですが、<a href="shishamo.html">珍しいししゃも</a>も食べてみたいです。';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php