const regex = /(^|[^a-z])\((\d*|[a-z])\)/gm;
// Alternative syntax using RegExp constructor
// const regex = new RegExp('(^|[^a-z])\\((\\d*|[a-z])\\)', 'gm')
const str = `(x+2)/(x) -> only select ( ) in (x)
-(2)+. -> only select ( ) in (2)
(wsd). -> select nothing
(x)^2+2 -> only select ( ) in (x)
sin(x). -> select nothing
(22313)a. -> only select ( ) in (22313)
+23-3()/(3x)+(x). -> only select () in () and ( ) in (x)
sin(x)+3*x^2+(x)+23 -> only select ( ) in (x)`;
const subst = `$1$2`;
// The substituted value will be contained in the result variable
const result = str.replace(regex, subst);
console.log('Substitution result: ', result);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for JavaScript, please visit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions