const regex = /(?<!\*)\*\*([^*\\\n]*(?:\\.[^*\\\n]*)*)\*\*(?!\*)/gm;
// Alternative syntax using RegExp constructor
// const regex = new RegExp('(?<!\\*)\\*\\*([^*\\\\\\n]*(?:\\\\.[^*\\\\\\n]*)*)\\*\\*(?!\\*)', 'gm')
const str = `**abc*def***
**abc*def**
**abc\\*def\\***
**abc def**`;
const subst = `*\1*`;
// The substituted value will be contained in the result variable
const result = str.replace(regex, subst);
console.log('Substitution result: ', result);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for JavaScript, please visit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions