$re = '/\b(?!or|and|not)([a-z0-9*.])+/i';
$str = ' Germany or (Indian, Tech*)
Germany and (Indian, Tech*)
Germany not (Indian, Tech*)';
$subst = "$0[45]";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php