$re = '/(?:^<[^\n<>]+>\h+<[^<>\n]+>\h+"|\G(?!^))[^_\n]+\K_(?=[^"\n]*")/m';
$str = '<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Animalia_(book)> <http://dbpedia.org/property/author> "Graeme_Base" .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Animalia_(book)> <http://dbpedia.org/property/illustrator> "Graeme_Base" .
<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Animalia_(book)> <http://dbpedia.org/property/illustrator> "Graeme_Base_test1_test2" .';
$subst = " ";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php