$re = '/(.)\n(?!\n)/';
$str = 'I have a text file where lines are trimmed by newline characters.
I want to strip out those single newlines and replace with simple spaces.
But I do not want the double newlines affected.
This line should start after 2 line breaks.
Everything I try inevitably ends up affecting those double new lines too.
This line should also start after 2 line breaks.
This can be solved using lookaheads.';
$subst = "\1 ";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php