$re = '/(?<=\s)(\w+)(?=\()(.*\{\n.*)(OLD_LOG;)(.*)(\n\})/s';
$str = 'returnType functionName(parameters){
OLD_LOG;
//stuff to do
}';
$subst = "\1 \2NEW_LOG(\"\1\");\n\4\n END_LOG();\5";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str, 1);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php