$re = '/<(?:div|i)(?:.*?(?:class|data-id)="([^"]+)")?(?:.*?(?:class|data-id)="([^"]+)")?[^>]*>/m';
$str = '<!-- I want to: $matches[1] == test_class | $matches[2] == null -->
<div class="test_class">
<!-- I want to: $matches[1] == test_class | $matches[2] == 1 -->
<div class="test_class" data-id="1">
<!-- I want to: $matches[1] == test_class | $matches[2] == 1 -->
<div id="test_id" class="test_class" data-id="1">
<!-- I want to: $matches[1] == test_class test_class2 | $matches[2] == 1 -->
<div class="test_class test_class2" id="test_id" data-id="1">
<!-- I want to: $matches[1] == 1 | $matches[2] == test_class test_class2 -->
<div data-id="1" class="test_class test_class2" id="test_id" >
<!-- I want to: $matches[1] == 1 | $matches[2] == test_class test_class2 -->
<div id="test_id" data-id="1" class="test_class test_class2">
<!-- I want to: $matches[1] == test_class | $matches[2] == 1 -->
<div class="test_class" id="test_id" data-id="1">';
preg_match_all($re, $str, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER, 0);
// Print the entire match result
var_dump($matches);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php