const regex = /(<a\s+[^>]*?href="[^"]*#!(\[.*?\])"[^>]*?>[^<>]*?<span[^>]*?>[^<>]*?<\/span>[^<>]*?<\/a>)/g;
// Alternative syntax using RegExp constructor
// const regex = new RegExp('(<a\\s+[^>]*?href="[^"]*#!(\\[.*?\\])"[^>]*?>[^<>]*?<span[^>]*?>[^<>]*?<\\\/span>[^<>]*?<\\\/a>)', 'g')
const str = `<a href="https://mega.co.nz/#![RandomThings1]" target="_blank">[RandomThings2] [<span style="color:#008000;">[RandomThings3]</span>]</a>
needed:
<a href="https://mega.co.nz/#![RandomThings1]" target="_blank">[RandomThings2] [<span style="color:#008000;">[RandomThings3]</span>]</a> <a href="http://no.refer.co/?link=https://mega.co.nz/%23![RandomThings1]" target="_blank">NoRefer</a>`;
const subst = `$1 <a href="http://no.refer.co/?link=https://mega.co.nz/%23!$2" target="_blank">NoRefer</a>`;
// The substituted value will be contained in the result variable
const result = str.replace(regex, subst);
console.log('Substitution result: ', result);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for JavaScript, please visit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions