$re = '/(<a\s+[^>]*?href="[^"]*#!(\[.*?\])"[^>]*?>[^<>]*?<span[^>]*?>[^<>]*?<\/span>[^<>]*?<\/a>)/';
$str = '<a href="https://mega.co.nz/#![RandomThings1]" target="_blank">[RandomThings2] [<span style="color:#008000;">[RandomThings3]</span>]</a>
needed:
<a href="https://mega.co.nz/#![RandomThings1]" target="_blank">[RandomThings2] [<span style="color:#008000;">[RandomThings3]</span>]</a> <a href="http://no.refer.co/?link=https://mega.co.nz/%23![RandomThings1]" target="_blank">NoRefer</a>';
$subst = "$1 <a href=\"http://no.refer.co/?link=https://mega.co.nz/%23!$2\" target=\"_blank\">NoRefer</a>";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php