const regex = /^.*P\(([^|]+)\|([^=]+)=(\d+)(?:, +([^=]+)=(\d+))?\)$/gm;
// Alternative syntax using RegExp constructor
// const regex = new RegExp('^.*P\\(([^|]+)\\|([^=]+)=(\\d+)(?:, +([^=]+)=(\\d+))?\\)$', 'gm')
const str = `What is P(output2|cause3=2)
`;
const subst = `method_to_use(model, {"$2": $3}, "$1")`;
// The substituted value will be contained in the result variable
const result = str.replace(regex, subst);
console.log('Substitution result: ', result);
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for JavaScript, please visit: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions