$re = '/\b((?:a1|a2|a3|a4)\*)(?=\b(?:a1|a2|a3|a4)\b)|\*/';
$str = '3*a1 + a1*a2 + 4*a3*a4 + a1*a3';
$subst = "\1";
$result = preg_replace($re, $subst, $str);
echo "The result of the substitution is ".$result;
Please keep in mind that these code samples are automatically generated and are not guaranteed to work. If you find any syntax errors, feel free to submit a bug report. For a full regex reference for PHP, please visit: http://php.net/manual/en/ref.pcre.php